Network Topology,Satellite,Bandwidth

 

 Write short notes on (i) Network Topology (ii) Satellite (ii) Bandwidth

 Network Topology: Network topology is network planning, including its nodes and connecting lines. There are two ways to define network geometry: visual topology and logical topology (or signal).

The visible topology of the network is the actual geometric shape of the workplaces. There are many common body movements, as described below and as shown in the illustration.

a)   Bus Topology: In the topology of the bus network, all operating stations are connected to a large cable called a bus. So, in reality, each workplace is directly connected to every other workplace in the network.

 

b)    Star Topology: In the topology of a star network, there is a computer or central server to which all operating centers are directly connected. Every workplace is connected indirectly to each other using a central computer.

c)   Ring Topology: In ring topology of the ring, the operating centers are connected to a closed loop loop. Pairs of nearby places are directly connected. Some pairs of workspaces are indirectly connected, data passing through one or more central areas.

 

d)  Mesh Topology: The mesh network topology uses any two systems, called full mesh and small mesh. In complete mesh topology, each workspace is directly connected to the other. In partial topology, some work channels are connected to all others, while others are connected

 

e)   Tree Topology: The topology of a tree network uses two or more star networks connected together. Computers between star networks are connected to a large bus. Therefore, the tree network is a bus network of star networks.

 

f)  Hybrid Topology: For this reason, only one integrated network organization arises from the hybrid network. The ring, star and Mesh network together can create a hybrid network. On the Internet, computers and equipment from various companies can be used.

 

Satellite: A satellite is a space object orbiting a large object. There are two types of satellites: natural (such as the moon orbiting the Earth) or artificial (like the International Space Station orbiting the Earth).

There are countless natural satellites in the solar system, with almost the entire planet having at least one moon. Saturn, for example, has at least 53 natural satellites, and between 2004 and 2017, it also had an artificial one - the Cassini spacecraft, which explored the planet with its moons and moons.

Synthetic satellites, however, did not become operational until the middle of the 20th century. The first satellite to be installed was Sputnik, a Russian ball-space probe that erupted on October 4, 1957. The move shocked the western world, as it was believed that the Soviets were incapable of sending satellites into space.

Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the amount of wireless or wireless network connection that transmits a high amount of data from one point to another via a computer network or internet connection in a given time - usually one second. Similar to power, bandwidth defines the rate of data transfer. Bandwidth is not a measure of network speed - a common misconception.

While bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), modern network links have high power, usually estimated at millions of bits per second (megabits per second, or Mbps) or billions of bits per second (gigabits per second, or Gbps).

Bandwidth connections can be parallel, meaning that the data volume is the same for both data downloads or downloads, or asymmetrical, meaning that the load and upload capacity are not equal. In unequal connections, upload capacity is usually less than download capacity.