Primary & Secondary Memory

 

Write the difference between Primary & Secondary Memory?

 

Answer:Difference between Primary & Secondary Memory:

 

Primary memory	Secondary memory
To store something temporarily in To store computer is called Primary memory	To store something permanently in To store computer is called Secondary memory.
Primary memory is known as main memory.	Secondary memory is known as additional memory or back memory.
The memory devices used for Primary memory are semiconductor memories	The Secondary memory device are magnetic and optical memories.
The primary memory is categorized as volatile and non-volatile memories, RAM is the volatile memory and ROM is the non-volatile memory	The secondary memory is always non volatile
The primary memory is composed of and that are presently being used by the microprocessor	The Secondary memory enough capable to store huge amount data information.
The primary memory are more effective and fast to interact with the microprocessor,	The Secondary memory are somewhat slow in interacting with the microprocessor, when compared with the primary memory.
Primary memory is temporary	Secondary memory is permanent.
Commonly used primary memory (main memory) available in the range of 512 MB to 8GB RAMs.	Generally secondary memories range between 80 GB to 1 Zettabytes Hard Disk drive.
The primary memory devices are connected to the computer through “slots”.	The Secondary memory devices are connected to the computer through cables.

 

What is computer memory? Write the types of computer

memory with examples

 

Answer: Memory: The memory is another very important element of the computer. Without memory the computer cannot operate in present age. Modern age it is called the RAM. The main reason behind the memory is that it is rapidly communication with the processor. In which unit stores given data instruction, program and result is memory or memory unit.

Function of memory unit:

a) Program must be loaded here to be executed

b) Data mast be read into here to be processed

c) Information will be taken from here to be output

d) The data and instructions required for processing

e) Sometime we need to stored data even after passing through output unit.

There are two types main memory

1. Primary memory: RAM, ROM, Cache memory

2. Secondary memory: Hard Disk Drive, Floppy Disk Drive, DVD, Pen Drive

There are two types of build in memory

1. Permanent /non-volatile memory: Read-only memory, flash memory,

2. Non-permanent/volatile memory: RAM, HDD

Memory

PC memory is a conventional term for the entirety of the various kinds of information stockpiling innovation that a PC may utilize, including RAM, ROM, and blaze memory. 

A few kinds of PC memory are intended to be extremely quick, implying that the focal preparing unit (CPU) can get to information put away there rapidly. Different sorts are intended to be minimal effort, so that a lot of information can be put away there financially. 

Another way that PC memory can differ is that a few kinds are non-unpredictable, which implies they can store information on a drawn out premise in any event, when there is no force. Furthermore, a few sorts are unpredictable, which are regularly quicker, yet which lose all the information put away on them when the force is turned off. 

A PC framework is assembled utilizing a mix of these kinds of PC memory, and the specific arrangement can be upgraded to deliver the most extreme information handling speed or the base expense, or some trade off between the two. 

Sorts of Computer Memory: Primary and Secondary 

Albeit numerous sorts of memory in a PC exist, the most essential differentiation is between essential memory, regularly called framework memory, and optional memory, which is all the more normally called capacity. 

The vital contrast among essential and auxiliary memory is speed of access. 

Essential memory incorporates ROM and RAM, and is found near the CPU on the PC motherboard, empowering the CPU to peruse information from essential memory rapidly for sure. It is utilized to store information that the CPU needs quickly so it doesn't need to sit tight for it to be conveyed. 

Auxiliary memory paradoxically, is typically actually situated inside a different stockpiling gadget, for example, a hard circle drive or strong state drive (SSD), which is associated with the PC framework either straightforwardly or over an organization. The expense per gigabyte of auxiliary memory is a lot of lower, yet the peruse and compose speeds are altogether more slow. 

PC memory 

More than a few times of PC development, a wide of cluster of PC memory types has been conveyed, each with its own qualities and shortcomings. 

Essential Memory Types: RAM and ROM 

There are two key sorts of essential memory: 

Smash, or irregular access memory 

ROM, or read-just memory 

We should glance top to bottom at the two sorts of memory. 

1) RAM Computer Memory 

The abbreviation RAM comes from the way that information put away in arbitrary access memory can be gotten to – as the name recommends – in any irregular request. Or then again, put another way, any arbitrary piece of information can be gotten to similarly as fast as some other piece. 

The main things to comprehend about RAM are that RAM memory is exceptionally quick, it tends to be composed to just as peruse, it is unpredictable (so all information put away in RAM memory is lost when it loses power) and, at last, it is extravagant contrasted with a wide range of optional memory regarding cost per gigabyte. It is a result of the overall significant expense of RAM contrasted with auxiliary memory types that most PC frameworks utilize both essential and optional memory. 

Information that is needed for unavoidable handling is moved to RAM where it tends to be gotten to and changed rapidly, so the CPU isn't continued pausing. At the point when the information is not, at this point required it is shunted out to more slow however less expensive optional memory, and the RAM space that has been opened up is loaded up with the following lump of information that is going to be utilized. 

RAM 

DRAM : DRAM represents Dynamic RAM, and it is the most widely recognized kind of RAM utilized in PCs. The most established sort is known as single information rate (SDR) DRAM, yet more up to date PCs utilize quicker double information rate (DDR) DRAM. DDR comes in a few variants including DDR2 , DDR3, and DDR4, which offer better execution and are more energy productive than DDR. Anyway various renditions are inconsistent, so it is unimaginable to expect to blend DDR2 with DDR3 DRAM in a PC framework. Measure comprises of a semiconductor and a capacitor in every cell. 

SRAM: SRAM represents Static RAM, and it is a specific kind of RAM which is quicker than DRAM, however more costly and bulker, having six semiconductors in every cell. Hence SRAM is commonly just utilized as an information store inside a CPU itself or as RAM in top of the line worker frameworks. A little SRAM store of the most unavoidably required information can bring about huge speed enhancements in a framework 

The critical contrasts among DRAM and SRAM is that SRAM is quicker than DRAM - maybe a few times quicker - yet more costly and bulkier. SRAM is normally accessible in megabytes, while DRAM is bought in gigabytes. 

Measure utilizes more energy than SRAM on the grounds that it continually should be invigorated to keep up information respectability, while SRAM - however unpredictable – needn't bother with steady reviving when it is fueled up. 

2) ROM Computer Memory 

ROM represents read-just memory, and the name originates from the way that while information can be perused from this sort of PC memory, information can't typically be kept in touch with it. It is an exceptionally quick sort of PC memory which is generally introduced near the CPU on the motherboard. 

ROM is a kind of non-unpredictable memory, which implies that the information put away in ROM endures in the memory in any event, when it gets no force – for instance when the PC is killed. In that sense it is like optional memory, which is utilized for long haul stockpiling. 

At the point when a PC is turned on, the CPU can start perusing data put away in ROM without the requirement for drivers or other complex programming to help it convey. The ROM normally contains "bootstrap code" which is the essential arrangement of guidelines a PC needs to do to get mindful of the working framework put away in auxiliary memory, and to stack portions of the working framework into essential memory with the goal that it can fire up and get prepared to utilize. 

ROM is additionally utilized in less complex electronic gadgets to store firmware which runs when the gadget is turned on. 

Sorts of ROM 

ROM is accessible in a few distinct sorts, including PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. 

PROM represents Programmable Read-Only Memory, and it is unique in relation to genuine ROM in that while a ROM is modified (for example has information kept in touch with it) during the assembling cycle, a PROM is produced in an unfilled state and afterward customized later utilizing a PROM developer or burner. 

EPROM represents Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, and as the name proposes, information put away in an EPROM can be deleted and the EPROM reinvented. Deleting an EPROM includes eliminating it from the PC and presenting it to bright light before re-consuming it. 

EEPROM represents Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, and the differentiation among EPROM and EEPROM is that the last can be deleted and written to by the PC framework it is introduced in. In that sense EEPROM isn't carefully perused as it were. Anyway much of the time the compose cycle is moderate, so it is typically simply never really program code, for example, firmware or BIOS code on an incidental premise 

Confusingly, NAND streak memory, (for example, that found in USB memory sticks and strong state circle drives) is a kind of EEPROM, yet NAND streak is viewed as auxiliary memory. 

Auxiliary Memory Types 

Auxiliary memory includes various capacity media which can be straightforwardly joined to a PC framework. These include: 

hard plate drives 

strong state drives (SSDs) 

Optical (CD or DVD) drives 

Tape drives 

Optional memory additionally incorporates: 

Capacity clusters including 3D NAND streak exhibits associated over a capacity region organization (SAN) 

Capacity gadgets which might be associated over a traditional organization (known as organization joined capacity, or NAS) 

Ostensibly distributed storage can likewise be called optional memory. 

Contrasts among RAM and ROM 

ROM: 

Non-unpredictable 

Quick to peruse 

Normally utilized in little amounts 

Can't be composed to rapidly 

Used to store boot guidelines or firmware 

Moderately costly per megabyte put away contrasted with RAM 

Slam: 

Unpredictable 

Quick to peruse and compose 

Utilized as framework memory to store information (counting program code) that the CPU needs to measure quickly 

Generally modest per megabyte put away contrasted with ROM, however moderately costly contrasted with optional memory 

What Technology is Between Primary and Secondary Memory? 

In the most recent year or so another memory medium called 3D XPoint has been created with attributes that lie among essential and auxiliary memory. 

3D XPoint is more costly yet quicker than optional memory, and lower cost yet more slow than RAM. It is likewise a non-unpredictable memory type. 

These attributes imply that it very well may be utilized as a choice to RAM in frameworks which require tremendous measures of framework memory that would be too costly to even think about building utilizing RAM, (for example, frameworks facilitating in-memory information bases). The compromise is that such frameworks detest the full presentation gains of utilizing RAM. 

Since 3D XPoint is non-unpredictable, frameworks that utilization 3D XPoint for framework memory can be going again after a force disappointment or other interference rapidly, without the requirement for all the information to be added back to framework memory from optional memory.